Semen Analysis
- Sperm Count: The number of sperm present in a given volume of semen. A normal sperm count is typically considered to be 15 million sperm per milliliter (mL) or more.
- Sperm Motility: The percentage of sperm that are moving and their quality of movement (progressive motility). Motility is crucial for sperm to travel through the female reproductive tract and fertilize an egg.
- Sperm Morphology: The shape and structure of sperm. Sperm with abnormal morphology may have difficulty fertilizing an egg.
- Semen Volume: The total volume of semen ejaculated. A normal semen volume is typically between 1.5 to 5 milliliters.
- pH Level: The acidity or alkalinity of the semen. Normal pH levels range from about 7.2 to 8.0.
Additional Testing: In some cases, additional tests may be performed on the semen sample to assess factors such as sperm viability, vitality, and the presence of any white blood cells or other abnormalities.
Interpretation of Results: The results of the semen analysis are interpreted by a fertility specialist or reproductive endocrinologist. Abnormal findings may indicate potential issues with male fertility and may warrant further evaluation or treatment.
- Reasons for Semen Analysis:
Assessment of Male Fertility: Semen analysis is used to evaluate male fertility and diagnose potential causes of infertility, such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology.
Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy: Semen analysis may be performed before and after certain fertility treatments, such as varicocele repair or hormonal therapy, to assess treatment efficacy and monitor improvements in sperm parameters.
Preconception Counseling: Semen analysis may be recommended for couples planning to conceive to assess the man’s reproductive health and identify any potential fertility issues early on.
- Considerations:
Timing and Frequency: Semen analysis should ideally be performed after 2 to 7 days of abstinence from ejaculation, and multiple samples may be analyzed over time to account for natural variations in sperm parameters.
Interpretation of Results: Semen analysis results should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and may require further testing or evaluation to determine the underlying cause of any abnormalities.
- Semen analysis is a fundamental test in the evaluation of male fertility, providing valuable information to guide diagnosis and treatment decisions for couples struggling to conceive.
